Definitions
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year. It is also a measure of the income generated by production within a country. It is
sometimes called annual economic output or just output. To avoid counting the same output more than once, GDP includes only final goods and services—not those which are used to make another product. For
example, GDP would not include the wheat used to make bread, only the bread itself. Gross national income (GNI) Formerly gross national product or GNP. (GNI) is made up of GDP plus the net income earned
from investments abroad (minus similar payments made to non-residents who contribute to the domestic economy). Ecological footprint A measure of how much productive land and water an individual, city, country,
or humanity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates. The ecological footprint is measured in "area units", or units that correspond to one hectare of biologically
productive space with world average productivity.
The human development index (HDI) measures human development by combining three dimensions of development—longevity (life expectancy at birth), knowledge (adult literacy and mean years of schooling), and
income. The gender-related development index (GDI) combines the same three dimensions of development as the HDI. It also takes into account the sociological inequalities between men and women, such as differences
in income and education. Population using improved drinking-water sources The percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of drinking water from improved sources.
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